Human-world claims below are kept separate from Fred and Visitor editorial/lore. Translation changes language, not evidence status.
Witness typesPrincipal witness, Four additional observers
Sensor typesNot stated
Evidence typesWitness questionnaire, 2D video reenactment, Official GEIPAN investigation
The case observation date is 19 July 2020.
Claim #14363 // FACTUAL CLAIM // SOURCED // 99% extraction confidence
“19/07/2020”
Source: SAINT-GERMAIN-DES-PRES (45) 19.07.2020
// [[T0001]] Case details, Observation date
The case is associated with the Centre region and the Loiret department.
Claim #14364 // FACTUAL CLAIM // SOURCED // 99% extraction confidence
“Centre”
Source: SAINT-GERMAIN-DES-PRES (45) 19.07.2020
// [[T0001]] Case details, Region
The case is classified as A.
Claim #14365 // FACTUAL CLAIM // SOURCED // 99% extraction confidence
“A”
Source: SAINT-GERMAIN-DES-PRES (45) 19.07.2020
// [[T0001]] Case details, Classification
The listed phenomenon type is atmospheric reentry.
Claim #14366 // FACTUAL CLAIM // SOURCED // 99% extraction confidence
“Atmospheric reentry”
Source: SAINT-GERMAIN-DES-PRES (45) 19.07.2020
// [[T0001]] Case details, Phenomenon type
The source summarizes the observation as powerful flashes and a straight line in the night sky caused by the atmospheric reentry of a bolide.
Claim #14367 // FACTUAL CLAIM // SOURCED // 98% extraction confidence
“Observation of powerful flashes and a straight line in the night sky: observation of the atmospheric reentry of a bolide.”
Source: SAINT-GERMAIN-DES-PRES (45) 19.07.2020
// [[T0001]] Case details, Summary
During the night of July 18–19, 2020, the principal witness and four other people were in fields on the heights of Saint-Germain-Des-Près to observe the Neowise comet.
Claim #14368 // FACTUAL CLAIM // SOURCED // 98% extraction confidence
“During the night of July 18–19, 2020, the principal witness, accompanied by 4 other people, was in the fields on the heights of the municipality of Saint-Germain-Des-Près (45) to observe the Neowise comet.”
Source: SAINT-GERMAIN-DES-PRES (45) 19.07.2020
// [[T0001]] Description
The witnesses observed a very bright white flash, a straight line moving south, and a second less luminous flash; the observation lasted less than about ten seconds.
Claim #14369 // FACTUAL CLAIM // SOURCED // 98% extraction confidence
“Between midnight and 1 a.m., they observed a very bright white flash, followed by a straight line moving toward the south, then a second, much less luminous flash before the line dissipated. The observation lasted less than about ten seconds.”
Source: SAINT-GERMAIN-DES-PRES (45) 19.07.2020
// [[T0001]] Description
The source states that the questionnaire was completed meticulously and that the principal witness produced a 2D video reenactment.
Claim #14370 // FACTUAL CLAIM // SOURCED // 97% extraction confidence
“Although only one direct witness reported the observation, the questionnaire was completed meticulously and a 2D video reenactment was produced by the principal witness (T1), thereby providing highly usable material for the analysis.”
Source: SAINT-GERMAIN-DES-PRES (45) 19.07.2020
// [[T0002]] Description
Two hypotheses were explored: a satellite double flash and the atmospheric reentry of a bolide.
Claim #14371 // FACTUAL CLAIM // SOURCED // 99% extraction confidence
“Two hypotheses were explored: observation of a satellite double flash and the atmospheric reentry of a bolide (see the investigation report).”
Source: SAINT-GERMAIN-DES-PRES (45) 19.07.2020
// [[T0002]] Analysis
The atmospheric-reentry hypothesis was preferred because a bolide reentry occurred on the observation date and time and was reported from various locations in France.
Claim #14372 // ASSESSMENT // SOURCED // 98% extraction confidence
“The actual occurrence, on the date and at the time of the observation, of a bolide reentry observed from various locations in France in particular and reported on the IMO/AMS* website.”
Source: SAINT-GERMAIN-DES-PRES (45) 19.07.2020
// [[T0002]] Reasons for preferred hypothesis
The source explains the double flash as the bolide fragmenting in two stages while entering dense atmospheric layers, and the persistent line as plasma produced by vaporization.
Claim #14373 // ASSESSMENT // SOURCED // 96% extraction confidence
“Double flash corresponding to the bolide fragmenting in two stages as it entered the dense layers of the atmosphere. The line persisting for several seconds is the trace left by the plasma resulting from the vaporization of elements composing the bolide.”
Source: SAINT-GERMAIN-DES-PRES (45) 19.07.2020
// [[T0002]] Reasons for preferred hypothesis
GEIPAN classifies the case as A and identifies the observation as the atmospheric reentry of a bolide.
Claim #14374 // FACTUAL CLAIM // SOURCED // 99% extraction confidence
“GEIPAN classifies the case as “A”: observation of the atmospheric reentry of a bolide.”
Source: SAINT-GERMAIN-DES-PRES (45) 19.07.2020
// [[T0002]] Conclusion